Shareholding operation of product remanufacturing – from a sustainable production perspective

We consider a supply chain in which an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) authorizes the remanufacturing business to third-party remanufacturer (TPR). The OEM may make investment hold equity TPR. This operation not only enables share profit of TPR as forward shareholding chain, but also improve production efficiency and consequently benefits whole chain. characterize equilibrium decisions all members by using Stackelberg game such find that helps increase quantity remanufactured products total market volume. From economic perspective, our results show both sides prefer if holding cost is relatively small. Additionally, from environmental under certain relative pollution ratio products, can reduce impact. Finally, we check key stimulating numerical examples obtain some useful management insights.